Seizure Observation
What should I look for during a seizure?
Before you can track seizures, you need to know what to look for. Seizures can be broken down into 4 phases:
- Prodrome: behaviors or feelings that start hours to days before a seizure
- Aura: the actual start of a seizure that may be thought of as a 'warning'
- Ictus: the seizure event
- Postictal: the recovery period after a seizure
Tips for Seizure Observation
The most important information for your healthcare provider is what happens during the aura and early on in the seizure, as it gives crucial cues to where the seizure may be starting in the brain. It is also important to know if the seizure ultimately spreads to involve convulsive activity on both sides of the body, as that suggests a bilateral convulsive seizure, which is a more severe type.
When watching a seizure, try to note what happens in each phase of the seizure – before, during, and after the event. Write down what happens as soon as you can – it’s easy to forget details when you don’t write them down.
Below is a list of things that may happen during a seizure. Remember that what you see will depend on the type of seizure.
Before the Seizure
Think about what type of behavior occurred before the seizure:
- What was the person doing at the time of the event?
- Was there a change in mood or behavior hours or days before?
- Was there a warning or aura right before the seizure?
Possible Triggers
Note patterns or any factors that may make a seizure event more likely to occur.
- For women, note the day of your menstrual cycle, if pregnant, or on any birth control or other hormonal treatment
- Missed or late medicines, changes in medicine doses
- Not sleeping regularly, not enough sleep, other sleep problems
- During or after fast breathing
- Alcohol or other drug use
- Emotional stress, worry, excitement
- Sounds, flashing lights or patterns, bright sunlight
- Other illnesses or infections
- When taking other medicines, over-the-counter products, or supplements
Learn More:
Seizure TriggersWhen the Event Occurs
Note the date and time of when the seizure occurred.
What Happens During the Event
Note changes in the following:
- Awareness, alertness, confusion
- Ability to talk and understand – clear speech, responds with only a few words or noises, speech doesn’t make sense, unable to talk
- Thinking, remembering, emotions, perceptions
- Seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, feeling - May have different or unusual sensations, or may sense something that is not really there
- Facial expression – staring, twitching, eye blinking or rolling, drooling
- Muscle tone – body becomes stiff or limp
- Movements - jerking or twitching movements, unable to move, body or head turning to one side, falls
- Automatic or repeated movements – lip-smacking, chewing, swallowing, picking at clothes, rubbing hands, tapping feet, dressing or undressing
- Walking, wandering, running
- Color of skin, sweating, breathing
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
Part of Body Involved
Note where the symptoms started, whether it stayed in that area or spread to other parts of the body, and which side of the body was involved (right, left, or both).
What Happens After the Event (postictal or recovery period)
Is the person:
- Able to respond to voice or touch
- Aware of their own name, observer’s name, place, time
- Able to remember what happened
- Able to talk or communicate
- Weak or numb in any part of the body
- Having a change in mood or behavior
- Tired or need to sleep
- Other symptoms – for example headache, upset stomach, or other pain
How long it lasted:
- Length of aura or warning
- Length of seizure – from beginning to end, but not counting the recovery period
- Length of recovery or postictal period - how long before the person returns to normal activity
Resources
Epilepsy Centers
Epilepsy centers provide you with a team of specialists to help you diagnose your epilepsy and explore treatment options.
Epilepsy Medication
Find in-depth information on anti-seizure medications so you know what to ask your doctor.
Epilepsy and Seizures Helpline
Call our Epilepsy and Seizures Helpline and talk with an epilepsy information specialist or submit a question online.
Tools & Resources
Get information, tips, and more to help you manage your epilepsy.